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- Path: bunyip.cc.uq.oz.au!news
- From: davidhunt@acslink.net.au (David C. Hunt)
- Newsgroups: comp.dcom.modems,aus.comms,aus.electronics
- Subject: Re: V.34 Modems: Effect of Line Termination at Exchange
- Date: Fri, 05 Jan 1996 14:40:32 GMT
- Organization: University of Queensland
- Message-ID: <4cjd7p$d40@dingo.cc.uq.oz.au>
- References: <4bor0l$ll9@gidora.kralizec.net.au> <DK7xGx.4F7@gil.com.au>
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-
- pvoc@gil.com.au (Peter O'Connor) wrote:
-
-
- >Carl,
-
- <<<Snip>>>
- >3. A similar problem happens with attenuation. It also varies frequency
- > unless L/C = R/G. This and (2) led to the "loading" the cables with
- > inductive coils at regular intervals to redress the inbalance but it
- > was effective over the voice band only. It could have been improved
- > had smaller inductors been palced more frequently but that would have
- > been uneconomic. When they wanted to but digital links (PCM) between
- > exchanges in the 70's they had to remove the loading coils as PCM has
- > a 2048kb/s rate.
-
- Note that loading was/ is only used on junction cables and not on the
- local loop. This practice gave, as you said, a fairly flat frequency
- response up to about 3.4Khz but dropped very steeply above that
- (effectively a low pass filter).
-
- <<<Snip>>>
-
- >6. There was a practice and I am not sure whether it is still in use which
- > could be problem. As the cables were radiated, the reserve pairs in a
- > lager cable were connected to pairs in each of two smaller cables say
- > going down different back streets. This saved cable jointing work to
- > connect new subscribers but made a recording problem. This stub hanging
- > off your cable would reduce modem performance if not voice performance.
- > I think since the advent of non-voice services that this has been
- > discontinued but there may be a few unexploded mines still about.
-
- This was called "a multi". I am pretty sure that the practice is not
- used these days, however this does play havock with modem signals
- without being particularly apparent in voice calls. It manifests only
- as an incresed level of background noise... and of course you cannot
- detect it with a meter... requires physical inspection of all cross
- connect points. It is quite likely that there are some still around,
- since they do not pose a problem for voice, but would be removed if a
- problem was apparent on a Telstra supplied dial-up modem service.
-
- <<<Snip>>>
-
- While Peter describes the line characteristics well, there appeared
- one unanswered question... What is the effect?
-
- The main effect of a different impedance termination at the exchange
- end of the line is the amount of reflected energy due to the impedance
- mismatch. As Peter points out, the impedance of a vioce grade line is
- different at different frequencies within its range of use. The net
- effect is just to make things a little harder for the modem's
- equaliser, but should not in itself (with the ranges used) be a major
- factor in degrading line performance.
-
- Regards.
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